黃熱病是一種通過受感染的蚊子傳播的急性病毒性出血性疾病。它被命名為黃色，因為它有時會導致感染者出現黃疸（皮膚和眼睛發黃）。 34 個非洲國家流行黃熱病。
該病毒的潛伏期為3至6天。大多數人沒有症狀。症狀是發燒、肌肉疼痛、背痛、頭痛、食欲不振、噁心和/或嘔吐。在 24 小時內，一些患者可能會出現更嚴重的症狀。這是毒性階段；經歷高燒；肝臟和腎臟受到影響；口、鼻、眼或胃出現尿色深、腹痛和出血。該階段 50% 的患者會在幾天內 (7-10) 死亡。
沒有針對黃熱病的特異性抗病毒藥物。以醫院為基礎的早期支持治療可以提高生存率。但是，有一種單劑量有效的黃熱病疫苗可以提供終生保護。建議 9 個月或以上在黃熱病流行地區居住或旅行的人接種疫苗。一些國家需要黃熱病疫苗接種證明才能進入（請參閱下面的非洲國家列表）。
需要黃熱病疫苗接種證書的非洲國家
要求所有 9 個月或 1 歲以上的旅行者接種疫苗的國家：
貝南、布吉納法索、布隆迪、卡梅倫、中非共和國、剛果、象牙海岸、剛果民主共和國、加蓬、幾內亞比索、肯亞、賴比瑞亞、盧旺達、獅子山、尼日爾、多哥。
需要為來自有黃熱病傳播風險國家的旅行者接種疫苗或在這些國家過境 12 小時的國家：
阿爾及利亞、波札那、維德角、查德、吉布地、埃及、衣索比亞、甘比亞、迦納、幾內亞、賴索托、利比亞、赤道幾內亞、厄立特里亞、馬達加斯加、馬拉威、茅利塔尼亞、模里西斯、莫三比克、納米比亞、奈及利亞、巴布亞紐幾內亞、塞席爾、索馬里、南非、蘇丹、史瓦濟蘭、突尼斯、烏干達、坦尚尼亞聯合共和國、尚比亞、辛巴威。
原文網址：https://africacdc.org/disease/yellow-fever/
及內容：
Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted through infected mosquitoes. It was named yellow as it, sometimes, cause jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) to the infected people. Thirty-four African countries are endemic to yellow fever.
The incubation period for the virus is 3 to 6 days. Most people don’t experience symptoms. The symptoms are fever, muscle pain, backache, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, and/or vomiting. Within 24 hours, some patients might experience more severe symptoms. This is the toxic phase; high fever is experienced; Liver and kidney are affected; dark urine and abdominal pain and bleeding occur from the mouth, nose, eyes or stomach. Fifty percent of patients in this phase die within days (7-10).
There is no specific antiviral drug for yellow fever. Survival rates can be improved by hospital based early supportive treatment. However, there is a single dose effective vaccine for yellow fever that provides life-long protection. Vaccination is recommended for people 9 month or over living or travelling to yellow fever endemic areas. Some countries require the yellow fever proof of vaccination to allow entry (see list below for African countries).
African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate
Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year:
Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d’lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
Countries that requires vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries:
Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
